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Eka Maulana, ST., MT., M.Eng

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Teori Dasar MOSFET

Filed Under : Nanotechnology,Sensors & Devices,technology by Eka Maulana
Mar.29,2014

N-channel MOSFET

MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) adalah suatu transistor dari bahan semikonduktor (silikon) dengan tingkat konsentrasi ketidakmurnian tertentu. Tingkat dari ketidakmurnian ini akan menentukan jenis transistor tersebut, yaitu transistor MOSFET tipe-N (NMOS) dan transistor MOSFET tipe-P (PMOS). Bahan silicon digunakan sebagai landasan (substrat) dari penguras (drain), sumber (source), dan gerbang (gate). Selanjutnya transistor dibuat sedemikian rupa agar antara substrat dan gerbangnya dibatasi oleh oksida silikon yang sangat tipis. Oksida ini diendapkan di atas sisi kiri dari kanal, sehingga transistor MOSFET akan mempunyai kelebihan dibanding dengan transistor BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor), yaitu menghasilkan disipasi daya yang rendah.

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Nets 2013 Proceeding DSSC

Filed Under : Hardware,Science,Sensors & Devices,technology by Eka Maulana
Mar.11,2014

ORGANIC SOLAR CELL BASED ON EXTRACTION OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya) AND JATROPHA (Ricinus communis) LEAVES IN DSSC (DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL)

Sholeh Hadi Pramono, Eka Maulana, M. Julius St.,  and Teguh Utomo

Electrical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University
Jl. MT Haryono 167 Malang 65145, Ph./Fax: 0341-554166
sholehpramono@ub.ac.id, ekamaulana@ub.ac.id

Abstract

This article shows an experimental result of  DSSCs (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell) fabrication and characterization of based on papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves and  jatropha (Ricinus communis) leaves. Chlorophyll was extracted from the both leaves as organic dye materials to replace previous solar cells based on inorganic materials such as silicon. A TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) was used as a substrate material that surrounds the inner layer of DSSC. TiO2 nano particles, natural dyes, electrolytes, and counter electrode combined as an donor-acceptor layer. Thick film screen printing method is used for the adhesion of the TiO2 layer to the substrate. Couples of iodine and tri-iodine electrolyte solution used as an electron donor layer.  We designed the active area cell size of 1.8 x 1.8 cm on two layers of TCO glass substrate. The wavelength absorption measurements of extracted chlorophyll occurs in the spectrum of 300-700nm. We measured open circuit voltages (Voc)  under light illuminance of 18,000 lux are 289 and 245 mV of  papaya and jatropha leaves, respectively. A Sort circuit current was achieved at -17 and -6.7 µA. These cells have already reached fill factors (FF) exceeding 26% and 25%.

Keywords: DSSC, chlorophyll, organic, papaya, jatropha leaves.

References
  1. O’ Regan, M Gratzel. A low cost, high efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353 (1991) 737-739
  2. M. Gratzel. Photoelectrochemical cell. Nature 414 (2001) 338-344.
  3. S. Ito, T. N. Murakami, et.al, Fabrication of thinfilm dye sensitized solar cell with solar to electric power conversion effieciency over 10%, Thin Solid Film 516 (2008) 4613-4613.
  4. M. Gratzel, Photovoltaic Performance and  long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar meosocopic solar cell, C. R. Chimie 9 (2006) 578-583.
  5. S. Ito, P. Chen, P. Comte, et. al, Fabrication of Screen Printing Pastes From TiO2 Powders for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Prog. in Photovolaics: Research and Applications (2007)  DOI: 10.100/pip. 768.
  6. M. Syahid, et. al, Recent Advancement in natural dye applications: a review.  Jurnal of Cleaner Production  (2013) 1-22.
  7. I. K. Ding, J. M. Kyriazi, N. L. Cevey-Ha, et.al, “Deposition of hole-transport materials in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells by doctor-blading, Organic Electronic 11 (2010) 1217-1222.
  8. S. S. Kim, et. al, Annealing-free fabrication of P3HR:PCBM solar cell via simple brush painting, Solar Energy Material and Solar Cell 94(2010) 171-175.
  9. V. W. W. Yam , WOLEDs and Organic Photovoltaics.   New York: Springer-Verlag, 2010, ch. 1

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NETS 2013 Proceeding – Engine Controller

Filed Under : Hardware,Sensors & Devices,technology by Eka Maulana
Jan.14,2014

Effect of Ethanol-96% In Gasoline with Mixture Ratio Of 1:9 And 2:8 On The Combustion And Emission of 125cc Four-Stroke Engine

Dwi Fadila KURNIAWAN, Eko SISWANTO, Erni YUDANINGTYAS and Eka MAULANA

Electrical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University
Jl. MT Haryono 167 Malang 65145, Ph./Fax: 0341-554166
email: df_kurniawan@ub.ac.id

Abstract

This paper is purposed to describe the development of a main control unit (MCU) in an engine to support the transition in the use of fuel, from gasoline to ethanol. The study was conducted in several stages, beginning with the initial determination of the engine character engine, followed by an in-depth observation on the effect of ethanol in a gasoline mixture with proportion of 1:9 and 2:8. Furthermore an MCU was designed to optimize the combustion process of the mixture. So far, it is found that the addition of ethanol results in less perfect combustion in a standard engine while at same time decreasing the CO gas emission level, increasing HC and O2 gases, whereas the CO2 gas tends to remain.

Keywords – MCU, ethanol, combustion, four stroke engine.

REFERENCES
  1. Rice, R.W., Sanyal, A.K., Elrod, A.C., Bata, R.M., 1991. Exhaust gas emissions of butanol, ethanol and methanol–gasoline blends. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power 113, 337–381.
  2. Waytulonis, Robert., Kittelson, David., Zarling, Darrick, 2008, “E20 Effects in Small Non-Road SI Engines”, Report to the Minnesota Department of Commerce, A literature and Information Search Center for Diesel Research, University of Minnesota
  3. Wittawat Imerb1, Chinda Charoenphonphanich2*, Pongsak Kummool2, Nuwong Chollacoop3 and Katsunori Hanamura4, 2010, “Starting Characteristics of an Engine using Neat Ethanol “, The First TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 20-22 October, 2010, Ubon Ratchathani
  4. Sitthiracha, Sitthichok, 2006, ” An Analytical Model of Spark Ignition Engine for Performance Prediction” Thesis, Automotive Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North Bangkok
  5. Al-Farayedhi, A. A., Al-Dawood, A. M. and Gandhidasan, P. 2004, “Experimental investigation of SI engine performance using oxygenated fuel.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. Vol. 126 (2004) : 178-191.
  6. Boretti, Alberto, 2010, ” Analysis of Design of Pure Ethanol Engine”, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
  7. Pikūnas Alvydas Saugirdas Pukalskas , Juozas Grabys , “Influence of Composition of Gasoline – Etahnol Blends on Parameters of Internal Combustion Engine, Journal of KONES Internal Combustion Engines 2003, vol. 10, 3-4

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Teknologi Pembasmi Bakteri MRSA pada luka Diabetes “Kill Your Bacteria”

Filed Under : Healthy,Inspiration,Kreativitas (PKM),Sensors & Devices,technology by Eka Maulana
Mar.1,2013

Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Penyakit ini menjadi beban besar bagi pelayanan kesehatan dan perekonomian di Indonesia baik secara langsung atau melalui komplikasi-komplikasinya. Komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi adalah adanya luka pada anggota gerak hingga berujung pada tindakan amputasi akibat luka yang tidak dirawat dengan baik.

Tim KYUBI beserta Dosen Pembimbing

Hal inilah yang menjadi latar belakang diciptakannya KYUBI (Kill Your Bacteria) oleh lima orang mahasiswa Universitas Brawijaya. Adalah Fahad Arwani, Reno Muktiaji Herdhiansyah (Teknik Elektro UB), Arfianita Ramadhani, Putro Aneswari (Ilmu Keperawatan UB), dan Muhammad Fahri Akbar (Ekonomi Pembangunan UB) yang berhasil menciptakan alat berkekuatan listrik untuk membunuh bakteri dan mengurangi luka pada penderita DM.

“Alat ini menggunakan tegangan dibawah 9 volt untuk membunuh bakteri khusus pada luka diabetes sejak awal” ujar Fahad ketika ditemui PRASETYA pada Jumat (28/2). “Tegangan 9 volt ini adalat batas tegangan listrik yang dapat ditoleransi oleh tubuh manusia,”tambahnya.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Penyakit ini menjadi beban besar bagi pelayanan kesehatan dan perekonomian di Indonesia baik secara langsung atau melalui komplikasi-komplikasinya. Komplikasi yang paling sering terjadi adalah adanya luka pada anggota gerak hingga berujung pada tindakan amputasi.

Alat ini dilengkapi dengan gel yang akan diletakkan sedemikian rupa sehingga posisi luka berada di antara kedua gel elektrolit. Kemudian operator menghidupkan alat. Sesaat setelah alat dihidupkan, alat akan menghasilkan keluaran berupa pulsa listrik DC dengan frekuensi sesuai dengan pengaturan yang telah ditetapkan programmer sebelumnya. Pulsa listrik ini akan melewati luka dan melakukan kompresi listrik dan memecah membran sel bakteri.

Sedangkan menurut Arfianita dan Putri, alat ini bisa menjadi alternatif pengobatan luka karena diabetes. “Selama ini, harga obat untuk luka diabetes masih tergolong mahal, bahkan satu butir obat bisa mencapai lebih dari lima ratus ribu. Alat ini dapat menjadi salah satu alternatifnya”, terangnya. Hasil ujicoba in vitro alat ini juga cukup memuaskan. Dalam waktu lima menit, mampu membunuh seratus persen sejumlah bakteri.

Alat yang telah memenangkan kategori Internasional pada ajang ESPRIEX 2013 yang diadakan oleh Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi ini tengah menempuh proses uji klinis dan pengusahaan hak paten” ujar Fahri. [vicky]

Sumber: Humas UB

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pH Sensor

Filed Under : Sensors & Devices by Eka Maulana
Oct.9,2012

  • Cats’ Urinary pH and Their Health

    Urinary tract crystals can be deadly for your cat

    Close-Up Of Ginger Cat Eating Food At Home
     Patricia Hofmeester / EyeEm / Getty Images

    It is widely understood that a cat’s urine pH can be directly related to the health of its urinary tract. Is your cat in danger of developing crystals in its urinary tract, crystals that can lead to the development of stones and a potential urinary blockage? How does its diet affect your cat’s urine pH and risk of crystal formation? Here is help in removing the mystery of the desired range of feline urine pH and how these numbers can correlate to a cat’s urinary tract health; can cats get lice?

     

    The Importance of pH Levels

    The pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity in any liquid. The pH levels in urine—whether human or feline—can mean the difference between health and illness.

    Cats are especially vulnerable to pH problems. When pH is too high or too low.

    GUM COLOUR AND YOUR CAT’S HEALTH

    In the wild, cats that appear sick or injured are vulnerable to predators. For this reason cats often disguise illness and only look sick when they are extremely unwell.  As a cat owner, you are in the best position to look for the subtle changes in behaviour or symptoms that may indicate your cat is in poor health. The sooner your cat’s disease is diagnosed, the sooner he or she can be treated and start to heal.

    When detecting illness, one indicator which can provide us with information about your cats overall wellbeing is gum colour.  Keeping an eye on your pet’s gum colour and looking for changes can assist us with the early diagnosis of diseases but also highlight when your cat might be hiding an immediate illness.  Whilst we do not rely solely on gum colour for diagnosis, it together with other signs your cat may be showing, can assist us in further diagnosis and treatment of an unwell cat.

    So what does your cat’s gum colour say about their health?


    Pink gums – Normal


    White gums – Could indicate your cat is experiencing blood loss or is in shock


    Bright pink to red gums – When the entire gum area of your cat’s mouth is bright pink to reddish in colour, this can indicate a high temperature (eg. heatstroke), an illness or a toxicity. However, if the redness surrounds the teeth and/or along the gum line (as shown in this photo) your cat could be experiencing dental health problems.


    Purple or blue – Can indicate a lack of oxygen


    Yellow tinge – Highlights organ problems including liver disease

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    MinIMU-9 Gyro, Accelerometer, and Compass Sensor

    Filed Under : Sensors & Devices by Eka Maulana
    Oct.5,2012

    Pololu MinIMU-9 v2 adalah modul sensor inersia (Inertial Measurement Unit – IMU) yang merupakan gabungan dari 3 jenis sensor, yaitu sensor gyro, accelerometer dan compass. Kombinasi modul sensor ini dirilis pada tahun 2012 dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan teknik pengukuran orientasi suatu benda di ruang bebas. Antarmuka sensor ini menggunakan I2C untuk mengakses sembilan data rotasi independen, percepatan, dan pengukuran magnetik yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung orientasi absolut sensor. Modul MinIMU-9 dapat diaplikasikan pada peralatan instrumentasi bergerak seperti pada sistem navigasi udara, roket, robotik, dan sistem pertahanan udara.
    Spesifikasi modul sensor MinIMU-9 v2 meliputi:

    • Catu daya : 2,5VDC – 5,5VDC
    • Berbasis L3G4200D sebagai sensor gyro 3-axis, LSM303DLM sebagai sensor accelerometer 3-axis dan 3-axis magnetometer.
    • Masing-masing data (gyro, accelerometer dan magnetic) dapat di ambil secara raw data (masing-masing data dapat diambil secara terpisah)
    • Telah dilengkapi dengan regulator tegangan internal 1,8V dan 3VDC
    • Supply current: 10 mA
    • antarmuka output I²C (masing-masing IC terhubung ke dalam 1 jalur I2C bus dengan alamat yang berbeda)

    Diagram Rangkaian MinIMU-9 v2

    • Output format (I²C):
      • Gyro: one 16-bit reading per axis
      • Accelerometer: one 12-bit reading (left-justified) per axis
      • Magnetometer: one 12-bit reading (right-justified) per axis
    • Sensitivity range (dapat diatur):
      • Gyro: ±250, ±500, or ±2000°/s
      • Accelerometer: ±2, ±4, ±8, or ±16 g
      • Magnetometer: ±1.3, ±1.9, ±2.5, ±4.0, ±4.7, ±5.6, or ±8.1 gauss
    • Tersedia program GUI (PC) untuk melakukan perhitungan AHRS (Attitude and Heading Reference System) dan visualisasi secara 3D.

    Visualisasi orientasi AHRS dihitung dari pembacaan MinIMU-9.

    Download: MinIMU-9 v2 Datasheet , L3GD20 datasheet, LSM303DLHC datasheet, I2C NXP-Philips
    Referensi: pololu.com

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